Using quantum Monte Carlo, exact diagonalization, and perturbation theory, we study the spectrum of the
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Abstract S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg trimer chain by varying the ratiog =J 2/J 1of the intertrimer and intratrimer coupling strengths. The doublet ground states of trimers form effective interactingS = 1/2 degrees of freedom described by a Heisenberg chain. Therefore, the conventional two-spinon continuum of width ∝J 1wheng = 1 evolves into to a similar continuum of width ∝J 2wheng → 0. The intermediate-energy and high-energy modes are termeddoublons andquartons which fractionalize with increasingg to form the conventional spinon continuum. In particular, atg ≈ 0.716, the gap between the low-energy spinon branch and the high-energy band with mixed doublons, quartons, and spinons closes. These features should be observable in inelastic neutron scattering experiments if a quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet with the linear trimer structure andJ 2 <J 1can be identified. Our results may open a window for exploring the high-energy fractional excitations.
